Search engine - Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine KeywordsAll Keywords: search, search engine, engine, wikipedia, internet, internet based, based, based content, content, content that, that, that cannot, cannot, cannot be, be, be indexed, indexed, and, searched, searched by, by, by a, a, by a web, a web, web, web search, web search engine, falls, falls under, under, falls under the, under the, the, the category, category, under the category of, the category of, category of, of, of deep, deep, of deep web, deep web, jump, jump to, to, jump to content, main, main menu, menu, move, move to, to sidebar, sidebar, hide, navigation, main page, page, contents, current, current events, events, random, random article, article, about, about wikipedia, us, donate, contribute, help, learn, learn to, to edit, edit, community portal, portal, recent, recent changes, changes, upload, upload file, file, languages, language, links, links are, are, are at, at, are at the, at the, at the top, the top, top, at the top of, the top of, top of, the top of the, top of the, of the, top of the page, of the page, the page, create, create account, account, log, log in, in, tools, pages, pages for, for, for logged, logged, logged out, editors, more, contributions, talk, toggle, history, subsection, 1, 1990s, birth, birth of, of search, of search engines, search engines, engines, present, post, dot, dot com, com, dot com bubble, bubble, approach, 2, share, market, market share, 3, and east, east, east asia, asia, 2europe, bias, results, results and, and filter, filter, bubbles, 7search, engine submission, submission, to social, social, to social bookmarking, social bookmarking, bookmarking, technology, 9, 3the, lone, wanderer, of web, web search engines, also, reading, toggle the, the table, table, the table of, table of, the table of contents, table of contents, of contents, 61, az, az rbaycanca, banjar, bosanski, cestina, cymraeg, eesti, euskara, gaeilge, hrvatski, bahasa, bahasa indonesia, indonesia, latina, lietuviu, magyar, bahasa melayu, melayu, minangkabau, norsk, o, o zbekcha, zbekcha, polski, runa, runa simi, simi, simple, simple english, english, slovencina, slovenscina, srpski, srpskohrvatski, suomi, tieng, tieng viet, viet, edit links, read, view, view history, actions, general, what, what links here, links here, related, special, special pages, permanent, permanent link, link, information, cite, cite this, this, cite this page, this page, get, shortened, shortened url, url, wikidata, item, print, export, download, download as, as, download as pdf, as pdf, pdf, printable, printable version, version, in other, other, other projects, projects, wikimedia, wikimedia commons, commons, wikibooks, wikiversity, from, from wikipedia, wikipedia the, wikipedia the free, the free, free, wikipedia the free encyclopedia, the free encyclopedia, free encyclopedia, encyclopedia, redirected, from web, software, software system, system, system that, system that is, that is, is, is designed, designed, is designed to, designed to, to search, to search for, search for, for information, for information on, information on, on, information on the, on the, on the world, the world, world, the world wide, world wide, wide, the world wide web, world wide web, wide web, this article, this article is, article is, this article is about, is about, searching, searching the, for other, other uses, uses, see, disambiguation, it, it has, has, it has been, has been, been, suggested, suggested that, that search, computing, be merged, merged, merged into, into, into this, discuss, proposed, since, september, september 2023, 2023, needs, needs more, more complete, complete, citations, citations for, for verification, verification, please, please help, add, add missing, missing, citation, so, so that, sources, sources are, are clearly, clearly, identifiable, july, july 2021, 2021, learn how, how, how and, and when, when, and when to, when to, to remove, remove, to remove this, remove this, this template, template, template message, message, message the, the results, the results of, results of, results of a, of a, a search, a search for, search for the, for the, for the term, the term, term, lunar, lunar eclipse, eclipse, eclipse in, in a, a web based, web based, based image, image, image search, image search engine, a search engine, engine is, engine is a, is a, is a software, a software, finds, web pages, web pages that, pages that, that match, match, match a, 1 it, searches, web in, a systematic, systematic, way, way for, for particular, particular, particular information, specified, specified in, textual, search query, query, the search, the search results, search results, results are, are generally, generally, presented, presented in, presented in a, in a line, a line, a line of, line of, of results, referred, referred to, referred to as, to as, as search, as search engine, search engine results, engine results, search engine results pages, results pages, pages serps, serps, the information, information may, may, information may be, may be, may be a, be a, a mix, mix, a mix of, mix of, hyperlinks, hyperlinks to, to web, images, images videos, infographics, articles, articles and, and other, other types, types, other types of, types of, types of files, of files, files, as of, as of january, of january, january, january 2022, 2022, 2022 update, update, google, google is, is by, by far, far, by far the, the world s, world s, s, the world s most, world s most, s most, most, most used, used, search engine with, engine with, with, with a, a market, market share of, share of, of 90, 90, 90 6, 6, 6 and, and the, and the world, were, bing, bing yahoo, yahoo, baidu, yandex, duckduckgo, unlike, web directories, directories, directories and, and social, and social bookmarking, social bookmarking sites, bookmarking sites, sites, sites which, which, which are, are maintained, maintained, maintained by, by human, human, human editors, maintain, real, real time, time, real time information, time information, information by, by running, running, running an, an, an algorithm, algorithm, on a, web crawler, crawler, modern, engines are, are based, are based on, based on, techniques, techniques and, and methods, methods, developed, developed in, developed in the, in the, in the field, the field, in the field of, the field of, field of, of information, of information retrieval, information retrieval, retrieval, some, some search, mine, data, data available, available, available in, databases, or, or open, further, further information, timeline, timeline of, full, full list, list, year, current status, 1993, w3catalog, inactive, aliweb, jumpstation, www, worm, 1994, webcrawler, active, go, go com, redirects, redirects to, to disney, disney, lycos, infoseek, 1995, yahoo search, search active, initially, search function, function, function for, for yahoo, yahoo directory, directory, daum, active search, search ch, ch, magellan, excite, metacrawler, altavista, acquired, acquired by, by yahoo, yahoo in, in 2003, 2003, since 2013, 2013, to yahoo, 1996, rankdex, incorporated, incorporated into, in 2000, 2000, dogpile, hotbot, inktomi, search technology, ask, ask jeeves, jeeves, rebranded, ask com, com 1997, 1997, aol, aol search, since 1999, 1999, goo, ne, ne jp, jp, northern, northern light, light, 1998, ixquick, startpage, startpage com, com msn, msn, msn search, empas, merged with, nate, alltheweb, redirected to, yellowee, was, redirecting, naver, teoma, redirect, redirect to, to ask, com 2000, exalead, gigablast, 2001, kartoo, info, info com, com active, 2004, a9, a9 com, clusty, mojeek, sogou, 2005, searchme, google search, 2006, soso, quaero, search com, chacha, live, live search, 2007, sproose, wikia, wikia search, blackle, 2008, powerset, to bing, viewzi, leapfish, ecosia, tineye, 2009, 2009 bing, yebol, scout, goby, sister, engine of, 2010, blekko, sold, sold to, to ibm, ibm, cuil, active 2011, 2011, yacy, p2p, 2012, volunia, qwant, 2014, egerin, kurdish, kurdish sorani, sorani, swisscows, searx, 2015, yooz, cliqz, 2016, kiddle, 2017, presearch, 2020, petal, brave, brave search, active you, you, you com, pre, a system, a system for, system for, for locating, locating, published, intended, intended to, to overcome, overcome, to overcome the, overcome the, the ever, ever, ever increasing, increasing, difficulty, difficulty of, information in, ever growing, growing, centralized, indices, of scientific, scientific, scientific work, work, work was, was described, described, described in, in 1945, 1945, bush, who, who wrote, wrote, wrote an, an article, an article in, article in, article in the, the atlantic, atlantic, monthly, titled, titled as, as we, we, we may, think, 3 in, in which, in which he, which he, he, envisioned, libraries, of research, research, research with, connected, annotations, not, 4, link analysis, analysis, would, would eventually, eventually, become, become a, a crucial, crucial, component, component of, through, algorithms, such, such as, hyper, search and, pagerank, 5, the first, first, internet search, internet search engines, the debut, debut, debut of, of the web, the web, in december, december, december 1990, 1990, whois, user, user search, dates, dates back, back, dates back to, back to, 1982, 1982 7, 7, 7 and, information service, service, multi, multi network, was first, implemented, implemented in, in 1989, 1989, 8, 8 the, well, well documented, documented, search engine that, engine that, content files, namely, ftp, archie, debuted, debuted on, on 10, 10, 10 september, prior, prior to, to september, 1993 the, web was, entirely, indexed by, by hand, hand, there, there was, there was a, was a, a list, a list of, list of, webservers, edited, edited by, by tim, tim, tim berners, berners, tim berners lee, berners lee, lee, lee and, and hosted, hosted, hosted on, cern, webserver, one, snapshot, snapshot of, snapshot of the, of the list, the list, list in, in 1992, 1992, remains, but, but as, as more, more and, more and more, and more, more web, web servers, servers, went, online, online the, the central, central, could, no, no longer, longer, keep up, up, ncsa, site, site new, new, new servers, were announced, announced, under the title, the title, title, title what, what s, what s new, s new, new 11, 11, tool, tool used, used for, for searching, content as, as opposed, opposed, as opposed to, opposed to, to users, users, users on, users on the, on the internet, the internet, internet was, 12, 12 the, the name, name, stands, stands for, for archive, archive, without, without the, the v, v, v 13, 13, 13 it, it was, was created, created, was created by, created by, by alan, alan, alan emtage, emtage, 14, 15, 16, computer, computer science, science, science student, student, student at, at mcgill, mcgill, mcgill university, university, university in, in montreal, montreal, montreal quebec, quebec, montreal quebec canada, quebec canada, canada, the program, program, downloaded, the directory, directory listings, listings, directory listings of, listings of, listings of all, of all, all, of all the, all the, the files, located, located on, on public, public, anonymous, anonymous ftp, ftp file, file transfer, transfer, file transfer protocol, transfer protocol, protocol, creating, creating a, searchable, searchable database, database, database of, of file, file names, names, however, did, did not, index, index the, the contents, the contents of, contents of, of these, these, these sites, since the, the amount, amount, the amount of, amount of, amount of data, of data, data was, was so, limited, it could, it could be, could be, readily, manually, the rise, rise, the rise of, rise of, gopher, created in, in 1991, 1991, by mark, mark, mccahill, at the university, the university, at the university of, the university of, university of, university of minnesota, of minnesota, minnesota, led, led to, to two, two, two new, new search, programs, veronica, veronica and, jughead, like, they, the file, names and, titles, stored, stored in, systems, very, very easy, easy, rodent, oriented, net, index to, computerized, archives, provided, provided a, a keyword, keyword, keyword search, search of, of most, titles in, in the entire, the entire, entire, universal, hierarchy, excavation, excavation and, and display, display, a tool, a tool for, tool for, for obtaining, obtaining, information from, from specific, specific, while, while the, the name of, name of, the name of the, name of the, of the search, the search engine, engine was, was not, was not a, not a, a reference, reference, a reference to, reference to, reference to the, to the, comic, comic book, book, book series, series, characters, characters in, in the series, the series, thus, referencing, their, predecessor, in the summer, the summer, summer, in the summer of, the summer of, summer of, of 1993, no search, existed, for the web, though, numerous, specialized, catalogs, were maintained, oscar, of geneva, geneva, wrote a, a series, a series of, series of, of perl, perl, perl scripts, scripts, scripts that, periodically, mirrored, these pages, pages and, rewrote, them, them into, them into a, into a, a standard, standard, standard format, format, formed, the basis, basis, the basis for, basis for, the web s, web s, s first, primitive, released, released on, on september, on september 2, september 2, 17, in june, june, matthew, matthew gray, gray, then, then at, at mit, mit, produced, what was, was probably, probably, probably the, first web, robot, robot the, the perl, and used, used it, it to, to generate, generate, an index, called, the purpose, purpose, the purpose of, purpose of, the purpose of the, purpose of the, the wanderer, was to, to measure, measure, to measure the, measure the, the size, the size of, size of, the size of the, size of the, of the world, of the world wide, which it, it did, until, until late, late, s second, second, appeared, appeared in, in november, november, not use, use, use a, but instead, instead, depended, depended on, on being, being, notified, notified by, by website, website, administrators, administrators of, of the existence, the existence, existence, at each, each, each site, site of, of an, index file, file in, file in a, in a particular, a particular, december 1993, 18, 18 by, jonathon, fletcher, used a, robot to, to find, find, find web, and to, to build, build, its, its index, index and, a web form, web form, form, form as, as the, the interface, interface, interface to, to its, thus the, resource, resource discovery, discovery, discovery tool, tool to, to combine, combine, combine the, the three, three, essential features, essential features of, features of, features of a, of a web, crawling, crawling indexing, indexing, indexing and, as described, as described below, described below, because, because of, because of the, the limited, limited resources, resources, resources available, resources available on, available on, available on the, on the platform, the platform, ran, on its, and hence, hence, limited to, limited to the, the titles, titles and, titles and headings, headings, found, found in, found in the, in the web, the web pages, pages the, the crawler, encountered, one of, one of the, one of the first, of the first, first all, all text, text, crawler based, crawler based search, based search, which came, came, came out, out in, in 1994, its predecessors, predecessors, allowed, users to, for any, any, any word, word, word in, in any, any webpage, webpage, which has, has become, become the, the standard, the standard for, standard for, all major, major, major search, major search engines, was also, also the, that was, widely, widely known, known, known by, by the, the public, also in, started, started at, at carnegie, carnegie, at carnegie mellon, carnegie mellon, mellon, carnegie mellon university, mellon university, university was, was launched, launched, launched and, and became, became, became a, a major, commercial, endeavor, popular, popular search, search engine on, engine on, on the web, 19, 19 the, first product, product from, from yahoo, founded, founded by, by jerry, jerry, jerry yang, yang, yang and, and david, david, david filo, filo, in january, a web directory, web directory, in 1995, function was, was added, added, allowing, allowing users to, 20, 21, it became, one of the most, of the most, the most, of the most popular, the most popular, most popular, the most popular ways, most popular ways, popular ways, ways, ways for, for people, people, for people to, people to, pages of, of interest, interest, but its, its search, operated, operated on, its web, rather, rather than, than, than its, its full, full text, copies, copies of, of web pages, soon, soon after, after, after a, a number, number, a number of, number of, appeared and, vied, popularity, included, light and, seekers, could also, browse, browse the, instead of, of doing, doing, of doing a, doing a, keyword based, in 1996, robin, li, developed the, scoring, algorithm for, for search, for search engines, results page, page ranking, ranking, 22, 23, 24, 24 and, and received, received, received a, a us, us patent, patent, patent for, for the technology, the technology, 25, it was the, was the, it was the first, was the first, first search, first search engine, that used, the quality, quality, measure the quality of, the quality of, quality of, of websites, websites, websites it, 26, the very, very similar, similar, filed, filed by, by google, two years, years later, later, later in, in 1998, 27, larry, larry page, referenced, li s, s work, work in, in some, in some of, some of, some of his, of his, his, u, u s, s patents, patents, patents for, 28, used his, technology for, technology for the, baidu search, search engine which, engine which, which was, was founded, was founded by, by him, him, him in, in china, china, in china and, china and, launched in, netscape, was looking, looking to, to give, to give a, give a, a single, single, single search, engine an, an exclusive, exclusive, an exclusive deal, exclusive deal, deal, deal as, the featured, featured, s web, web browser, browser, so much, much, interest that, struck, deals, deals with, with five, five, five of, five of the, of the major, the major, search engines for, engines for, million, a year, would be, be in, in rotation, rotation, rotation on, the netscape, search engine page, the five, 29, 30, adopted, adopted the, the idea, idea, the idea of, idea of, of selling, selling, search terms, terms, search terms in, terms in, from a, a small, small, small search, search engine company, engine company, company, named, goto, goto com, this move, had, had a, a significant, significant, significant effect, effect, significant effect on, effect on, effect on the, on the search, on the search engine, business which, went from, struggling, struggling to, to one, to one of, the most profitable, most profitable, profitable, profitable businesses, businesses, businesses in, businesses in the, in the internet, citation needed, needed, were also, also known, also known as, known as, as some, some of the, the brightest, brightest, stars, stars in, stars in the, investing, frenzy, that occurred, occurred, occurred in, in the late, the late, 31, several, several companies, companies, entered, entered the, the market, receiving, record, gains, during, during their, initial, initial public, initial public offerings, public offerings, offerings, some have, have, have taken, taken, taken down, their public, public search, search engine and, engine and, and are, are marketing, marketing, enterprise, enterprise only, only, editions, many, search engine companies, companies were, were caught, caught, caught up, up in, up in the, the dot, the dot com, the dot com bubble, speculation, driven, boom, peaked, in march, march, march 2000, 2000s, around, google s, google s search, s search, s search engine, rose, rose to, rose to prominence, to prominence, prominence, 32, the company, achieved, better, better results, results for, for many, searches with, with an, as was, was explained, explained, explained in, in the paper, the paper, paper, anatomy, anatomy of, anatomy of a, written, written by, by sergey, sergey, sergey brin, brin, brin and, and larry, page the, the later, founders, founders of, of google, 6 this, iterative, ranks, based on the, the number, number and, pagerank of, of other, other web, other web sites, web sites, web sites and, sites and, and pages, that link, there on, the premise, premise, good, good or, desirable, pages are, linked, linked to, to more, to more than, more than, than others, others, larry page s, page s, s patent, cites, earlier, as an, an influence, influence, google also, a minimalist, minimalist, its search engine, in contrast, contrast, many of, of its, its competitors, competitors, embedded, search engine in, engine in, web portal, in fact, fact, in fact the, fact the, the google, the google search, google search engine, so popular, spoof, emerged, mystery, seeker, search services, services, inktomi s, yahoo acquired, in 2002, 2002, overture, owned, switched, switched to, to google, when it, launched its, its own, own, the combined, combined, technologies, technologies of, acquisitions, microsoft, search in, in the fall, the fall, fall, in the fall of, the fall of, fall of, of 1998, using, results from, in early, early, 1999 the, the site, began, began to, to display, listings from, looksmart, blended, blended with, for a, for a short, a short, short, a short time, short time, time in, in 1999, search used, in 2004, began a, transition, transition to, to its own, powered, powered by, by its, own web, msnbot, microsoft s, bing was, launched on, on june, june 1, 1 2009, on july, july 29, on july 29 2009, july 29 2009, 29 2009, yahoo and, and microsoft, finalized, finalized a, a deal, deal in, be powered, by microsoft, microsoft bing, as of 2019, of 2019, 2019, 2019 update, engine crawlers, crawlers, include, those, those of, main article, engine technology, maintains, maintains the, the following, the following processes, processes, processes in, in near, near real, near real time, web crawling, 33, get their, their information, by web, from site, site to, site to site, to site, the spider, spider, checks, checks for, filename, robots, robots txt, txt, addressed, addressed to, to it, the robots, the robots txt, robots txt file, txt file, file contains, contains, directives, spiders, telling, which pages, pages to, to crawl, crawl, crawl and, and which, pages not, not to, checking, checking for, for robots, robots txt and, txt and, and either, either, finding, finding it, it or, it or not, or not, not the, sends, certain, certain information, to be, depending, depending on, on many, on many factors, many factors, factors, factors such as, such as the, page content, javascript, cascading, cascading style, style, cascading style sheets, style sheets, sheets, cascading style sheets css, style sheets css, css, or its, metadata, in html, html, html meta, meta, meta tags, tags, a certain, number of pages, of pages, crawled, or time, time spent, spent, time spent on, spent on, on the website, the website, the website the, website the, stops, crawling and, moves, n, n o, o web, actually, crawl the, reachable, due, due to, to infinite, infinite, spider traps, traps, spam, spam and, of the real, the real, real web, web crawlers, apply, apply a, a crawl, policy, policy to, to determine, determine, when the, of a site, a site, site should, should, should be, be deemed, deemed, sufficient, websites are, while others, while others are, others are, partially, 34, associating, words, words and, definable, tokens, found on, on web, to their, their domain, domain, domain names, domain names and, and html, fields, the associations, associations, are made, made, are made in, made in, made in a, in a public, a public, public database, made available, available for, available for web, for web, search queries, queries, a query, a user, a user can, user can, can, can be, can be a, a single word, single word, multiple, multiple words, words or, or a, a sentence, sentence, the index, find information, relating, information relating to, relating to, relating to the, the query, query as, as quickly, quickly, as quickly as, quickly as, as quickly as possible, as possible, possible, the techniques, techniques for, for indexing, caching, trade, trade secrets, secrets, whereas, straightforward, process, process of, of visiting, visiting, all sites, sites on, between, visits, the cached, cached, version of, version of the, or all, all the content, the content, needed to, to render, render, stored in the, in the search, in the search engine, working, working memory, memory, memory is, sent, sent to, to an, inquirer, if a, a visit, visit, visit is, overdue, can just, just, act, act as, act as a, as a, as a web, web proxy, proxy, in this case, this case, case the, page may, may differ, differ, may differ from, differ from, may differ from the, from the, cached page, holds, holds the, the appearance, appearance, the appearance of, appearance of, appearance of the, the version, whose, words were, previously, so a, version of a, of a page, a page, page can, be useful, useful, useful to, to the website, the actual, actual, actual page, page has, page has been, lost, but this, this problem, problem, problem is, is also, also considered, considered, considered a, a mild, mild, form of, linkrot, high, high level, architecture, architecture of, standard web, typically, when a, when a user, user enters, enters, enters a, engine it, it is, it is a, few, keywords, 35, 35 the, already, already has, has the, the names, the names of, names of, names of the, of the sites, the sites, sites containing, containing, containing the, the keywords, keywords and, and these, these are, are instantly, instantly, obtained, obtained from, obtained from the, processing, load, load is, is in, in generating, generating, generating the, pages that are, that are, are the, results list, every, every page, page in, page in the, entire list, list must, must, must be, weighted, according, according to, to information, information in the, indexes, then the, top search, search result, result, requires, requires the, lookup, reconstruction, and markup, markup, markup of, snippets, showing, showing the, the context, context, context of, of the keywords, matched, are only, part, part of, part of the, of the processing, the processing, web page, and further, next, next to, next to the, to the top, more of, more of this, of this, of this post, this post, post processing, beyond, lookups, offer their, their own, gui, or command, command, operators, operators and, and search, parameters, parameters to, to refine, refine, provide, provide the, the necessary, necessary, controls, controls for, for the user, the user, engaged, engaged in, engaged in the, the feedback, feedback, feedback loop, loop, create by, filtering, filtering and, weighting, refining, given, given the, the initial, initial pages, for example, example, example from, from 2007, 2007 the, google com, google com search, com search, com search engine, one to, to filter, filter by, filter by date, by date, date, by clicking, clicking, show, show search, search tools, tools in, leftmost, column, column of, of the initial, search results page, page and, and then, selecting, selecting the, the desired, desired, desired date, date range, range, 36, 36 it, it is also, possible to, to weight, weight, weight by, each page, has a, a modification, modification, modification time, support, support the, the use, the use of, use of, the use of the, use of the, the boolean, boolean, boolean operators, and or, or and, and not, help end, end, end users, operators are, are for, literal, that allow, allow, allow the, the user to, user to, and extend, extend, extend the, the terms, the terms of, terms of, terms of the, the engine, looks, looks for, the words, words or phrases, or phrases, phrases, exactly, exactly as, provide an, an advanced, advanced, advanced feature, feature, feature called, proximity, proximity search, which allows, allows, which allows users, allows users, which allows users to, allows users to, to define, define, to define the, define the, the distance, distance, the distance between, distance between, there is, there is also, concept, concept based, where, where the, the research, involves, involves using, statistical, statistical analysis, analysis on, on pages, words or phrases you, phrases you, you search, you search for, usefulness, depends, depends on, depends on the, the relevance, relevance, the relevance of, relevance of, the result, the result set, result set, set, set it, it gives, gives, gives back, while there, there may, there may be, millions, millions of, that include, include a, word or, word or phrase, or phrase, phrase, some pages, pages may, may be more, be more, more relevant, relevant, authoritative, employ, methods to, to rank, rank, to rank the, rank the, results to, to provide, to provide the, to provide the best, provide the best, the best, the best results, best results, how a, decides, are the best, the best matches, best matches, matches, matches and, and what, order, order the, be shown, shown, be shown in, shown in, in varies, varies, from one, engine to, to another, another, the methods, change, change over, over, change over time, over time, time as, as internet, internet usage, usage, changes and, and new, new techniques, evolve, there are, there are two, are two, two main, main types, of search engine, that have, have evolved, evolved, one is, is a system, a system of, system of, predefined, ordered, keywords that, that humans, humans, humans have, programmed, extensively, the other, a system that, generates, an inverted, inverted, inverted index, index by, by analyzing, analyzing, texts, locates, this first, first form, relies, much more, heavily, on the computer, the computer, itself, do, to do the, do the, the bulk, bulk, the bulk of, bulk of, of the work, the work, most web, ventures, supported, supported by, by advertising, advertising, advertising revenue, revenue, revenue and, and thus, some of them, of them, advertisers, advertisers to, to have, have their, ranked, ranked higher, higher, higher in, in search, in search results, search results for, for a fee, a fee, fee, search engines that, that do, that do not, do not, do not accept, not accept, accept, money, money for, for their, their search, make, make money, make money by, money by, search related, related ads, ads, alongside, alongside the, the regular, regular, regular search, the search engines, make money every time, every time, time someone, someone, someone clicks, clicks, clicks on, on one, on one of, one of these, these ads, 37, local, local search, search is, is the, is the process, the process, process that, optimizes, optimizes the, the efforts, efforts, efforts of, of local, local businesses, focus, focus on, on change, change to, to make, to make sure, make sure, make sure all, all searches, searches are, are consistent, consistent, it is important, is important, important, important because, because many, many people, where they, plan to, to go, go and, and what to, what to, what to buy, to buy, based on their, on their, their searches, 38, graphs, unavailable, to technical, technical, technical issues, there is more, is more, more info, more info on, info on, phabricator, and on, mediawiki, mediawiki org, org, russia, russia and, parts, parts of, of this article, related to, related to this, to this, this section, section, need, need to, need to be, to be updated, be updated, updated, update this, this article to, article to, to reflect, reflect, recent events, events or, newly, available information, december 2023, in russia, of 62, 62, 62 6, compared, compared to, s 28, 28 3, 3 and, is the second, the second, the second most, second most, on smartphones, smartphones, smartphones in, in asia, asia and, asia and europe, and europe, europe, 39, 39 in, baidu is, is the most, is the most popular, the most popular search, most popular search, most popular search engine, 40, south korea, korea, south korea s, korea s, s homegrown, homegrown, search portal, is used, is used for, for 62, 62 8, 8 of, of online, online searches, searches in, in the country, the country, 41, yahoo japan, japan, japan and, and yahoo, taiwan, are the most, are the most popular, avenues, avenues for, for internet, in japan, in japan and, and taiwan, respectively, 42, china is, is one, is one of, countries, countries where, google is not, is not, is not in, not in, not in the, in the top, the top three, top three, for market, google was, was previously, a top, top search engine, withdrew, disagreement, with the, the government, government, government over, censorship, censorship and, and a, a cyberattack, cyberattack, in top, of 14, 14 95, 95, is on, on top, top with, 49, 49 1, 1 market, 43, most countries, markets, markets in, in the european, the european, european, in the european union, the european union, european union, union, dominated, dominated by, except, except for, the czech, czech, the czech republic, czech republic, republic, seznam, is a strong, a strong, strong, competitor, 44, is based, is based in, based in, in paris, paris, in paris france, paris france, france, where it, attracts, most of, 50, 50 million, million monthly, registered, registered users, users from, although, programmed to, on some, combination, combination of, of their, popularity and, relevancy, empirical, studies, indicate, indicate various, various, political, economic, economic and, economic and social, biases, information they, they provide, 45, 46, the underlying, underlying, assumptions, assumptions about, about the, about the technology, 47, a direct, direct, result of, of economic, and commercial, e, processes e g, e g, g, companies that, advertise, advertise with, can become, more popular, popular in, in its, organic, organic search, organic search results, and political, the removal, removal, the removal of, removal of, of search results, to comply, comply, to comply with, comply with, with local, with local laws, local laws, laws, 48, 48 for, google will, will, will not, surface, neo, neo nazi, nazi, websites in, in france, france and, and germany, germany, holocaust, holocaust denial, denial, denial is, is illegal, illegal, can also be, also be, also be a, a result, a result of, of social, social processes, search engine algorithms, algorithms are, frequently, to exclude, exclude, non, non normative, normative, viewpoints, in favor, favor, in favor of, favor of, of more, popular results, of major, skew, towards, coverage, coverage of, of u, of u s, u s based, based sites, websites from, from non, from non u s, non u s, s countries, bombing, one example, one example of, example of, an attempt, attempt, attempt to, to manipulate, manipulate, for political, social or, or commercial, reasons, scholars, have studied, studied, studied the, the cultural, cultural, triggered, triggered by, by search, by search engines, 50 and, the representation, representation, the representation of, representation of, of certain, controversial, controversial topics, topics, topics in, in their, in their results, their results, terrorism, terrorism in, in ireland, ireland, 51, climate, climate change, 52, conspiracy, conspiracy theories, theories, 53, customized, there has, there has been, concern, raised, as google, google and, google and bing, and bing, results based, the user s, user s, s activity, activity, activity history, leading to, to what, what has, termed, echo, chambers, by eli, eli, pariser, in 2011, 54, the argument, argument, argument is, is that, search engines and, engines and, and social media, social media, media, social media platforms, media platforms, platforms, algorithms to, to selectively, selectively, guess, guess what, what information, information a, user would, would like, would like to, like to, like to see, to see, on information, information about, information about the, location, past, behaviour, behaviour and, search history, history as, as a result, tend, tend to, to show, show only, information that, agrees, agrees with, s past, viewpoint, to eli, users get, less, exposure, exposure to, conflicting, viewpoints and, isolated, intellectually, in their own, informational, since this, been identified, identified, competing, engines have, seek, seek to, to avoid, avoid, to avoid this, avoid this, problem by, by not, tracking, bubbling, however many, questioned, s view, finding that, that there, that there is, little, evidence, evidence for, evidence for the, the filter, the filter bubble, filter bubble, 55, 56, 57, 57 on, on the contrary, contrary, of studies, trying, trying to, to verify, verify, to verify the, verify the, the existence of, existence of, of filter, have found, only minor, minor, levels, levels of, of personalisation, personalisation, that most, most people, encounter, a range, a range of, of views, views, browsing, browsing online, online and, and that, and that google, that google, google news, news, tends, tends to, to promote, promote, mainstream, established, news outlets, outlets, 58, religious, the global, global growth, growth, growth of, growth of the, of the internet, the internet and, internet and, and electronic, electronic, electronic media, media in, in the arab, the arab, arab, arab and, arab and muslim, and muslim, muslim, muslim world, during the, during the last, the last, last, last decade, decade, encouraged, islamic, adherents, in the middle, the middle, middle, in the middle east, the middle east, middle east, the middle east and, middle east and, east and, and asian, asian, sub, sub continent, continent, to attempt, filtered, search portals, portals, that would, enable, enable users, to perform, perform, safe, than usual, usual, safe search, search filters, filters, islamic web, web portals, categorizing, into being, halal, haram, interpretation, interpretation of, interpretation of the, of the law, the law, law, the law of, law of, of islam, islam, online in, in september, in september 2011, september 2011, halalgoogling, in july, in july 2013, july 2013, filters on, the collections, collections, collections from, from google, bing and, and others, 59, lack, lack of, of investment, investment, investment and, and slow, slow, pace, in technologies, technologies in, the muslim, the muslim world, world has, hindered, progress, progress and, thwarted, success of, an islamic, search engine targeting, targeting, as the main, the main, consumers, a muslim, muslim lifestyle, lifestyle, lifestyle site, receive, millions of dollars, of dollars, dollars, dollars from, from investors, investors, rite, ventures and, and it, and it also, it also, other religion, religion, the jewish, jewish, 60, 60 and, is christian, christian, sites that, attack, degrade, their faith, faith, search engine submission, submission is, is a process, a process, process in, in which a, which a, a webmaster, webmaster, submits, a website, directly, directly to, directly to a, to a, to a search, is sometimes, sometimes, presented as, a way, as a way to, a way to, way to, way to promote, to promote a, promote a, to promote a website, promote a website, website it, not necessary, because the, use web, that will, will eventually, web sites on the, sites on the, internet without, without assistance, assistance, they can, can either, submit, one web, page at, at a, at a time, a time, time or, or they, can submit, submit the, entire site, site using, using a, a sitemap, sitemap, but it, but it is, is normally, normally, normally only, necessary to, to submit, to submit the, the home, the home page, home page, home page of, page of, of a web site, a web site, web site, site as, are able, are able to, a well, a well designed, well designed, a well designed website, designed website, remaining, reasons to, to submit a, submit a, web site or, site or, or web, page to, search engine to, to add, to add an, add an, entirely new, new web, new web site, site without, without waiting, waiting, waiting for, to discover, discover it, it and, to have a, have a, site s, s record, a substantial, substantial, redesign, search engine submission software, submission software, not only, websites to, to multiple, multiple search, but also, adds, links to, to websites, from their, from their own, this could, could appear, appear, helpful, helpful in, in increasing, a website s, website s, website s ranking, s ranking, external, external links, are one, are one of, are one of the, the most important, most important, important factors, determining, john, john mueller, mueller, google has, has stated, stated, stated that, that this, this can, can lead, lead, can lead to, lead to, can lead to a, lead to a, a tremendous, tremendous, unnatural, unnatural links, links for, for your site, your site, your site with, site with, with a negative, a negative, negative, negative impact, impact, impact on, on site, site ranking, comparison, comparison to, see also, social media optimization, media optimization, optimization, in comparison, in comparison to, to search engines, a social, a social bookmarking, system has, has several, advantages, advantages over, traditional, automated, location and, and classification, classification, all tag, tag, classification of, of internet, internet resources, as web, sites is, is done, is done by, done by, human beings, beings, beings who, understand, understand the, the content of, content of, the content of the, content of the, of the resource, the resource, to software, software which, algorithmically, attempts, attempts to, to determine the, determine the, the meaning, meaning, meaning and, and quality, of a resource, a resource, people can, people can find, can find, find and, and bookmark, bookmark, have not, not yet, yet, noticed, web spiders, 63, additionally, additionally a, system can, can rank, rank a, resource based, based on how, on how, on how many, how many, how many times, many times, times, bookmarked, has been bookmarked by, bookmarked by, by users, users which, which may, which may be, be a more, a more, more useful, metric, for end, for end users, systems that, the number of, of external, of external links, pointing, pointing to, both, of ranking, vulnerable, are vulnerable to, vulnerable to, to fraud, fraud, gaming, gaming the, gaming the system, the system, the system and, system and, and both, need technical, countermeasures, to try, to try to, try to, to deal, to deal with, deal with, to deal with this, with this, article or, may need, may need to, to be cleaned, be cleaned, cleaned, cleaned up, up or, summarized, because it, because it has, split, split from, from to, to search engine, technology web, in 1990, 64, a student, the author, author, originally, wanted, wanted to, to call, to call the, call the, program archives, had to, to shorten, shorten, to comply with the, comply with the, the unix, unix, world standard, standard of, assigning, programs and, and files, cryptic, grep, cat, troff, sed, awk, perl and, and so, and so on, so on, the primary, primary, method, method of, of storing, storing, retrieving, via, via the, this was, was and, and still, still, still is, a common, common, for computers, computers, computers to, to exchange, exchange, files over, over the, over the internet, it works, works, works like, like this, administrator, that he, he wants, wants, he wants to, wants to, wants to make, make files, files available, available from, from his, his computer, sets, sets up, up a, a program, program on, on his, an ftp, ftp server, server, when someone, someone on, to retrieve, retrieve, retrieve a, a file, a file from, file from, from this, this computer, he or, he or she, or she, she, connects, connects to, it via, program called, an ftp client, ftp client, client, program can, can connect, can connect with, connect with, with any, server program, as long, as long as, long as, as long as the, long as the, as the client, the client, the client and, client and, and server, fully, follow, follow the, the specifications, specifications, set forth, forth, set forth in, the ftp, anyone, anyone who, who wanted to, wanted to share, to share, to share a, share a, to set, to set up, set up, set up an, up an, server in, in order, in order to, order to, order to make, to make the, make the, file available, available to, available to others, to others, ftp sites, repositories, for files, all users, to post, post and, and retrieve, even, even with, important files, were still, scattered, on small, ftp servers, these files, be located, located only, only by, equivalent, equivalent of, of word, word of, word of mouth, of mouth, mouth, somebody, post an, an e, an e mail, e mail, e mail to, mail to, a message, message list, list or, a discussion, discussion, a discussion forum, discussion forum, forum, announcing, announcing the, the availability, availability, the availability of, availability of, of a file, changed, all that, a script, script, based data, gatherer, fetched, of anonymous, files with, a regular, a regular expression, regular expression, expression, matcher, for retrieving, matching, 4 in, in other words, other words, archie s, scoured, across the, and indexed, all of the, files it, it found, users with, with access, access, with access to, access to, access to its, 65, in 1993, of nevada, nevada, computing services, services group, group, created as, a type, type, a type of, type of, of searching, device, similar to, to archie, but for, for gopher, search service, a little, the sole, sole, sole purpose, rounding, out the, the comic, the comic strip, comic strip, strip, triumvirate, an acronym, acronym, is an acronym for, acronym for, is probably, safe to, to assume, assume, to assume that, assume that, assume that the, that the, the creator, creator, backed, into the, the acronym, functionality, was pretty, pretty, pretty much, identical, identical to, veronica s, although it, it appears, appears, appears to, it appears to be, appears to be, to be a, rougher, around the, around the edges, the edges, edges, the lone, developed by, by matthew, gray in, 66, 66 was, first robot, the web and, web and, and was, was designed, was designed to, to track, track, to track the, track the, s growth, initially the, counted, shortly, shortly after, after its, introduction, it started, started to, to capture, capture, urls, as it, it went, along, the database, the database of, captured, became the, web database, gray s, quite, quite a, a controversy, controversy, at the time, the time, versions, versions of, versions of the, of the software, the software, rampant, through the, the net, net and, caused, a noticeable, noticeable, netwide, degradation, access the, the same, same, the same page, same page, hundreds, hundreds of, of times, times a, times a day, a day, day, amended, but the, the controversy, controversy over, whether, were good, good or bad, or bad, bad, good or bad for, bad for, for the internet, remained, in response, response, in response to, response to, in response to the, response to the, martijn, koster, indexing of, web or, in october, october, as the name, implies, the http, http, of archie, archie and, and because, because of this, this it, it is still, is still, unique in, in many, in many ways, many ways, does, does not, does not have, not have, not have a, webmasters, of participating, participating, participating sites, sites post, post their, information for, for each, for each page, they want, want, listed, the advantage, advantage, the advantage to, advantage to, this method, this method is, method is, that users, get to, to describe, describe, own site, site and, a robot, not run, run, run about, about eating, eating, bandwidth, the disadvantages, disadvantages, disadvantages of, are more, more of a, a problem, disadvantage, is that a, that a, a special, must be submitted, be submitted, submitted, most users, users do, users do not, not understand, understand how, understand how to, how to, how to create, to create, create such, such a, file and, and therefore, therefore, therefore they, they do, they do not, do not submit, not submit, submit their, their pages, leads, leads to, a relatively, relatively, relatively small, which meant, meant, meant that, users are, are less, less likely, likely, less likely to, likely to, than one, of the large, the large, large, bot, catch, catch 22, 22 has, somewhat, offset, offset by, by incorporating, incorporating, it still, not have the, the mass, mass, appeal, appeal of, architext, was started, started by, by six, six, stanford, undergraduates, in february, february, to use, statistical analysis of, analysis of, relationships, relationships in, in order to provide, provide more, more efficient, large amount, large amount of, information on the internet, their project, project was, fully funded, funded, funded by, by mid, mid, funding, secured, they released, released a, a version, a version of, search software, software for, for webmasters, webmasters to, to use on, use on, on their own, time the, software was, was called, it now, goes, goes by, by the name, serious, commercial search, 67, it was developed, was developed, in stanford, was purchased, purchased, purchased for, 5 billion, billion, 5 billion by, billion by, in 2001, bankrupt, infospace, bought, was conducted, conducted, was conducted on, conducted on, on search, search logs, logs, logs from, 68, 69, in april, april, stanford university, university ph, ph, university ph d, ph d, d, ph d candidates, candidates, and jerry, that became, rather popular, called the, the collection, collection, the collection of, collection of, their official, official, explanation, explanation for, was that, that they, themselves, themselves to, a pair, pair, a pair of, pair of, yahoos, of links, grew, and their, to receive, thousands, thousands of, of hits, hits, hits a, hits a day, day the, the team, team created, ways to, to better, organize, organize the, the data, to aid, aid, aid in, in data, data retrieval, www yahoo, www yahoo com, yahoo com, search feature, feature was, a simple, database search, entries, categorized, not really, classified, classified as, classified as a, considered to, considered to be, considered to be a, yahoo has, has since, aspects, aspects of, aspects of the, the gathering, gathering, blurring, the distinction, distinction, distinction between, and directory, which made, made it, it difficult, difficult, it difficult to, difficult to, difficult to find, things, things that, that were, were not, not explicitly, explicitly, described by, by their, are rather, to begin, begin, to begin with, begin with, not help, help the, the average, average, average user, or the, the galaxy, galaxy, was much, was much more, more effective, because they, contained, additional, descriptive, the indexed, during july, michael, mauldin, on leave, leave from, cmu, the lycos, types of web, engines on, enriched, enriched with, with facility, facility, facility to, to search the, search the, stored on, on other, on other sites, other sites, is difference, difference, difference in, in the way, the way, various search, various search engines, search engines work, but they, they all, three basic, basic, tasks, 70, and selecting, full or, partial, content based, maintaining, index of, index of the, of the content, the content and, content and, to the location, the location, they find, to look, to look for, look for, for words, combinations, combinations of, of words, in that, begins, query statement, statement, into the system, interface provided, description, conventional, search by, by keyword, title author, text based, google bing, google bing yahoo, by keywords, queries in, in natural, natural, natural language, voice, voice based, multimedia, multimedia search, qbic, visual, shapes, shapes colors, colors, q, q a, a stack, stack, stack exchange, restricted, clustering, vivisimo, lemur, nutch, basically, three types, three types of, those that, are powered, ants, spiders and, and those, submissions, submissions and, that are a, are a, a hybrid, hybrid, of the two, the two, are those, that use, automated software, software agents, agents, visit a, read the, the information on, actual site, the site s, meta tags and, tags and, and also, follow the links, the links, links that, that the site, performing, on all, linked web, linked web sites, sites as, returns, returns all, that information, a central, central depository, depository, the data is, data is, return, return to, return to the, to the sites, sites to, to check, to check for, check for, any information, that has, has changed, the frequency, frequency, with which, this happens, happens, happens is, is determined, determined, is determined by, determined by, determined by the, the administrators, human powered, powered search, rely, rely on, on humans, humans to, submit information, information that is, subsequently, put, put into, in both, cases, to locate, locate, information you, that the search, has created, you are, you are not, giant, of information that, is collected, collected, collected and, and stored, and subsequently, explains, explains why, why, sometimes a, search on, a commercial, or google, will return, results that, are in, are in fact, dead, dead links, if the, index has, has not, has not been, not been, been updated, since a, a web page, invalid, treats, treats the, page as, an active, even though, even though it, though it, it no, it will, will remain, remain, that way, until the, index is, is updated, so why, why will, will the, on different, different, different search, produce, part of the answer, of the answer, the answer, answer, the answer to, answer to, to that, that question, question, question is, is because, not all, are going, going, are going to, going to, are going to be, going to be, exactly the, exactly the same, it depends, it depends on, on what, what the, the spiders, find or, or what, the humans, but more, more important, not every, every search, uses the, algorithm to, search through, the algorithm, algorithm is, is what, use to, of the information, the information in, the information in the, in the index, the user is, user is, is searching for, searching for, of the elements, the elements, elements, elements that, search engine algorithm, engine algorithm, scans, scans for, for is, frequency and, and location, location of, of keywords, keywords on, on a web page, those with, with higher, higher frequency, are typically, technology is, is becoming, becoming, sophisticated, discourage, what is, is known, what is known as, is known as, keyword stuffing, stuffing, or spamdexing, spamdexing, another common, element, element that, analyze, the way that, way that, link to, to other, other pages, pages in, pages in the, link to each, to each, to each other, each other, an engine, determine what, what a, page is, keywords of, the linked, linked pages, are similar, similar to the, the original, original, original page, and whether, that page, is considered, important and, deserving, deserving of, a boost, boost, boost in, in ranking, just as, just as the, becoming increasingly, increasingly, to ignore, ignore, becoming more, savvy, web masters, masters, artificial, into their, their sites, sites in, to build an, build an, an artificial, modern web, are highly, highly, intricate, software systems, software systems that, technology that, has evolved, evolved over, evolved over the years, over the years, the years, there are a, of sub, number of sub categories, sub categories, categories, sub categories of, categories of, engine software, software that, separately, applicable, applicable to, to specific, these include, database or, or structured, structured, structured data, data search, and mixed, mixed, engines or, or enterprise, enterprise search, the more, more prevalent, prevalent, google and yahoo, utilize, hundreds of thousands, of thousands, to process, trillions, trillions of, web pages in, to return, fairly, fairly well, aimed, due to this, this high, high volume, volume, volume of, of queries, queries and, and text, text processing, processing the, the software is, software is, is required, required, is required to, required to, to run, to run in, run in, in a highly, a highly, dispersed, environment, environment with, with a high, a high, high degree, degree, a high degree of, high degree of, degree of, another category, search engines is, engines which, scientific literature, literature, best known, example is, is google, google scholar, scholar, researchers, researchers are, are working, working on, on improving, improving, technology by, by making, making them, them understand, content element, element of, of the articles, the articles, articles such as, extracting, theoretical, constructs, or key, key research, research findings, findings, 71, comparison of, search engines in, engines in, in libraries, list of search engines, question answering, answering, manipulation, manipulation effect, privacy, semantic, semantic web, spell, spell checker, checker, web development, development, web development tools, development tools, wikipedia search, engine test, test, test for, a tutorial, tutorial, tutorial on, on using, researching, wikipedia articles, references, definition, techtarget, retrieved, retrieved 1, 1 june, june 2023, b, engine market, search engine 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white, white, white v, rfc, 812, nicname, ietf, datatracker, doi, doi 10, programming, system support, support for, for mobile, mobile, mobile agents, reston, reston va, va, reston va us, va us, deutsch, peter, september 11, an internet, internet archive, server server, server was, was about, lisp, groups, groups google com, retrieved 2017, 2017 12, 2017 12 29, 12 29, w3c, w3c retrieved, retrieved 2012, 2012 05, 05, 05 14, mosaic, communications, communications corporation, corporation, search engine watch, engine watch, watch, watch september, september 2001, internet history, netherlands, universiteit, leiden, on 2009, on 2009 04, 2009 04, 04, on 2009 04 13, 04 13, pcmag, retrieved 2020 09, 2020 09, 09, 09 20, alexandra, samuel, 21 february, 21 february 2017, february 2017, meet, the black, black, technologist, who invented, invented, internet search engine, ithaka, loop news, loop news barbados, news barbados, barbados, barbadian, you should, you should know, should know, know, on 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10 1002, 10 1002, 1002, 1097, 3 0, co 2, 2 5, xie, m et, et, m et al, et al, al, journal of information, of information science, 24 5, 5 365, 365, 372, 1177, implementing, implementing and, evaluating, mit press, on 2020 10, 2020 10, 2020 10 05, 10 05, retrieved 2010, 2010 08, 2010 08 07, 08 07, has media, to internet, learning resources, about search, curlie, search types, search engine list, metasearch, collaborative, cross, vertical, vertical search, social search, audio, video, video search, video search engine, semantic search, voice search, language information, by sound, sound, search engine marketing, engine marketing, search engine optimization, engine optimization, evaluation, measures, oriented architecture, selection, text mining, multisearch, federated, federated search, aggregator, index web, focused, trap, exclusion, distributed, web archiving, archiving, mirroring, protocols, protocols and, and standards, standards, z39, web service, opensearch, representational, representational state transfer, state transfer, wide area, area, area information, information server, desktop, desktop search, online search, dedicated, ahmia, fireball, sapo, seznam cz, cz, youdao, metasearch engines, metager, mullvad, leta, 123people, pipilika, scroogle, sputnik, yippy, complete list, authority, authority control, control, national, israel, retrieved from, retrieved from https, from https, https, https en, en, en wikipedia, https en wikipedia org, en wikipedia org, wikipedia org, w, w index php, index php, php, w index php title, index php title, php title, title search, oldid, history of the, history of the internet, terminology, computer related, introductions, canadian, inventions, hidden, hidden categories, pages using, using the, the graph, graph, extension, pages with, with disabled, disabled, articles with, with short, short description, articles to, to be merged, from september, all articles, incomplete, from july, all articles with, all pages, pages 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and how, and how it, how it, and how it works, how it works, how to contact, to contact, support us, support us by, us by, by donating, donating, donating to, guidance, guidance on, on how to, on how to use, how to use, to use and, and edit, learn how to, how to edit, the hub, hub, hub for, for editors, of recent, changes to, to wikipedia, r, add images, images or, or other, other media, media for, for use, for use on, on wikipedia, are encouraged, you are encouraged to, are encouraged to, encouraged to, to create an, create an, to create an account, create an account, an account, an account and, account and, and log, and log in, however it, however it is, it is not, is not mandatory, not mandatory, mandatory, you 039, 039, you 039 re, 039 re, to log, to log in, it 039, it 039 s, 039 s, it 039 s not, s not, log in and, in and, more options, options, user menu, edits, made from, this ip, ip, this ip address, ip address, address, y, discussion about, adyghe, arabic, axtar, axtar s, 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rft, volume 40, 40 amp, issue 4, date 2004, ist, 3d10, 23id name, semanticscholar org, 2803, 3 amp, 3 amp rft, volume 16, 16 amp, issue 3, 2f10 1080, free registration, registration, free registration required, registration required, amp rft btitle google, amp rft date 2012, date 2012, 12 amp, 12 amp rft, au petit, michael amp rft, 2fdetails, bibcode identifier, 27 terrorists, amp rft series, 175 amp, amp rft date 2008, date 2008, 2f10 1007, 10 amp, 10 amp rft, reilly amp, p amp, monday amp, 3a a, volume 20, amp rft date 2015, date 2015, 2015 amp, 2015 amp rft, a amp, a amp rft, 2findex php, 2farticle, 2fview, oclc identifier, amp rft btitle the, you amp, york amp, new york amp rft, press amp rft, press amp rft date, 8 amp, worldcat, worldcat org, issn identifier, volume 18, rft date 2014 07, amp rft issn, 71 amp, 2fdoi, org 2f10, review amp, review amp rft, volume 8, amp rft date 2019, date 2019, date 2019 11, 3ahdl, 2f2019, 2fnode, volume 6, 6 amp, mario amp, 2c and, 2019 amp, 2fj, c amp, c amp rft, elsevier, elsevier com, pub news, 2fnews, 2fscience, 2fnew, faq amp, blog amp, blog amp rft, blog amp rft atitle, free 22, 22 google, 3b, date 2013 07, barry schwartz, seroundtable, seroundtable com, conference amp, 2008 02, 02 12, paul amp, 2c georgia, 2c georgia amp rft, 2f2008, 2 amp, 2012 amp, 2012 amp rft, 1 amp, 1 amp rft, 2bof, wiley com, date 2014 01, 2014 01, 2014 01 21, 01 21, pccua, htm, htm amp, 85 amp, learning amp, 44 amp, amp rft date 2020, date 2020, date 2020 12, 2f2020, learning html, nature journal, pmid identifier, nature amp, web amp, 400 amp, 9 amp, 9 amp rft, 2f10 1038, au c, c lee, judit, navigation amp, mark amp, issue 2, 2 amp rft, 73 amp, 2005 02, science amp, 3a an, 51 amp, issue 10, 2f10 1002, 2951, 3a10, 3b2, 5 amp, ross amp, volume 24, 24 amp, issue 5, 2f10 1177, m amp, m amp rft, m amp rft au, wang, 2c h, h amp, goh, 2c t, t n, n amp, amp rft date 2010, date 2010, ir, uwaterloo, ca, category internet, view this, view this template, 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